Pillow (PIL) & Python Basics Cheat Sheet

1. Installation

pip install pillow  

Verify Installation:

from PIL import Image
print(Image.__version__)  

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2. Import Pillow

from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont, ImageFilter  

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3. Opening and Displaying an Image

img = Image.open('image.jpg')  
img.show()  

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4. Saving an Image

img.save('output.jpg')  

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5. Image Properties

print(img.format)     # Image format (JPEG, PNG)  
print(img.size)       # (width, height)  
print(img.mode)       # Color mode (RGB, L)  

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6. Resizing an Image

resized = img.resize((300, 200))  
resized.show()  

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7. Cropping an Image

cropped = img.crop((50, 50, 200, 200))  # (left, top, right, bottom)  
cropped.show()  

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8. Rotating and Flipping

rotated = img.rotate(45)  
flipped = img.transpose(Image.FLIP_LEFT_RIGHT)  
rotated.show()  
flipped.show()  

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9. Converting to Grayscale

gray = img.convert('L')  
gray.show()  

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10. Drawing on Images

draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img)  
draw.rectangle([50, 50, 150, 150], outline='red', width=5)  
draw.text((10, 10), "Hello!", fill='white')  
img.show()  

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11. Adding Filters

blurred = img.filter(ImageFilter.BLUR)  
sharpened = img.filter(ImageFilter.SHARPEN)  
blurred.show()  
sharpened.show()  

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12. Adding Text (Custom Fonts)

font = ImageFont.truetype("arial.ttf", 40)  
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img)  
draw.text((50, 50), "Hello World!", font=font, fill='blue')  
img.show()  

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13. Creating a New Image

new_img = Image.new('RGB', (400, 300), color='green')  
new_img.show()  

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14. Merging Images (Pasting)

background = Image.new('RGB', (500, 500), color='white')  
foreground = img.resize((200, 200))  
background.paste(foreground, (150, 150))  
background.show()  

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15. Applying Transparency (Alpha Channel)

img = img.convert("RGBA")  
pixels = img.load()  

for y in range(img.height):  
    for x in range(img.width):  
        r, g, b, a = pixels[x, y]  
        if r > 200 and g > 200:  
            pixels[x, y] = (r, g, b, 0)  # Set transparent  

img.show()  

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16. Thumbnail Generation

img.thumbnail((150, 150))  
img.show()  

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17. Drawing Shapes

draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img)  
draw.ellipse([100, 100, 200, 200], outline='yellow', width=4)  
draw.line((0, 0, img.width, img.height), fill='blue', width=3)  
img.show()  

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18. Image Blending

img1 = Image.open('image1.jpg')  
img2 = Image.open('image2.jpg')  
blended = Image.blend(img1, img2, alpha=0.5)  
blended.show()  

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19. Image Masking

mask = Image.new("L", img.size, 128)  # 128 is 50% opacity  
img.putalpha(mask)  
img.show()  

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20. Combining Multiple Images (Grid Layout)

images = [Image.open('image1.jpg'), Image.open('image2.jpg')]  
widths, heights = zip(*(i.size for i in images))  

total_width = sum(widths)  
max_height = max(heights)  

combined = Image.new('RGB', (total_width, max_height))  
x_offset = 0  

for img in images:  
    combined.paste(img, (x_offset, 0))  
    x_offset += img.width  

combined.show()  

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21. Image Metadata (EXIF)

exif_data = img._getexif()  
for tag, value in exif_data.items():  
    print(tag, value)  

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22. Key Pillow Functions

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Example: Simple Image Pipeline (Resize, Filter, Text)

img = Image.open('image.jpg')  
img = img.resize((300, 300))  
img = img.filter(ImageFilter.CONTOUR)  

draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img)  
draw.text((20, 20), 'OpenCV Rocks!', fill='blue')  
img.show()